Web3j-OpenAPI¶

Web3j-OpenAPI is an OpenAPI client and server generator from Solidity smart contracts. It provides a way to interact with the Ethereum smart contracts using a simple RESTful API. These interactions can be done using plain HTTP requests or via the Swagger-UI, which is generated with every project.

This workflow can be summed in the following steps:

Writing a Solidity smart contract
Generating the corresponding Web3j-OpenAPI project using Web3j-CLI
Running the generated project as a standalone server
Sending HTTP requests using the Swagger-UI, Java/Kotlin client, Curl or other.

Example¶

The following Hello World contract :

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.7.0;

// Modified Greeter contract. Based on example at https://www.ethereum.org/greeter.

contract Mortal {
    /* Define variable owner of the type address*/
    address owner;

    /* this function is executed at initialization and sets the owner of the contract */
    constructor () {owner = msg.sender;}

    modifier onlyOwner {
        require(
            msg.sender == owner,
            "Only owner can call this function."
        );
        _;
    }

    /* Function to recover the funds on the contract */
    function kill() onlyOwner public {selfdestruct(msg.sender);}
}

contract HelloWorld is Mortal {
    /* define variable greeting of the type string */
    string greet;

    /* this runs when the contract is executed */
    constructor (string memory _greet) {
        greet = _greet;
    }

    function newGreeting(string memory _greet) onlyOwner public {
        emit Modified(greet, _greet, greet, _greet);
        greet = _greet;
    }

    /* main function */
    function greeting() public view returns (string memory)  {
        return greet;
    }

    event Modified(
        string indexed oldGreetingIdx, string indexed newGreetingIdx,
        string oldGreeting, string newGreeting);
}

generates the following OpenAPI specs :

{
   "openapi":"3.0.1",
   "info":{
      "title":"Web3j OpenApi",
      "contact":{
         "name":"Web3 Labs",
         "url":"http://web3labs.com",
         "email":"[email protected]"
      },
      "version":"4.9.7"
   },
   "tags":[
      {
         "name":"default",
         "description":"Lists existing contracts and events"
      },
      {
         "name":"HelloWorld Methods",
         "description":"List HelloWorld method&#39;s calls"
      },
      {
         "name":"HelloWorld Events",
         "description":"List HelloWorld event&#39;s calls"
      }
   ],
   "paths":{
      "/Web3App/contracts/helloworld/{contractAddress}/Kill":{
         "get":{
            "tags":[
               "HelloWorld Methods"
            ],
            "summary":"Execute the Kill method",
            "operationId":"kill",
            "parameters":[
               {
                  "name":"contractAddress",
                  "in":"path",
                  "required":true,
                  "schema":{
                     "type":"string"
                  }
               }
            ],
            "responses":{
               "default":{
                  "description":"default response",
                  "content":{
                     "application/json":{
                        "schema":{
                           "$ref":"#/components/schemas/TransactionReceiptModel"
                        }
                     }
                  }
               }
            }
         }
      },
...

With a corresponding Swagger-UI :

The available methods are:

The available events are:

Getting started with Web3j-OpenAPI¶

Generate a project¶

To generate an OpenAPI project using the Web3j-OpenAPI generator, you need to have the Web3j-CLI installed on your machine. It’s easy to do (for Windows instructions head here):

$ curl -L get.web3j.io | sh

Then, you can run the

$ web3j openapi import --help

To check the generator available options.

In this case, we will be using the above Hello World contract.

Put that contract in a file named HelloWorld.sol for starters.

Then, execute the following command:

$ web3j openapi import \
    -s=HelloWorld.sol \
    --package=com.tutorial \
    --project-name=HelloWorldProject \
    --output-dir=.

You should be seeing logs similar to the following:

Configure the project¶

You can run the project easily, without specifying any configuration, using the Web3j-cli.

If not, you need to specify runtime parameters. for example, the private key or wallet file for the signing, the node endpoint to connect to, etc.

To see the available options, run the distributions executable or the JAR with the --help flag. You'll get the following display:

To specify these parameters, you can set the following environment variables:

$ export WEB3J_ENDPOINT=<link_to_your_Ethereum_node>
$ export WEB3J_PRIVATE_KEY=<your_private_key>
$ export WEB3J_OPENAPI_HOST=localhost
$ export WEB3J_OPENAPI_PORT=9090

For more ways to pass these parameters, check the configuration section below.

Run the project¶

We can run the project directly :

$ ./gradlew run

You should be able to run the server and see the following:

Interact with the generated project¶

Interactions can be done in multiple ways :

SwaggerUI¶

The generated SwaggerUI is located on {host}:{port}/swagger-ui and can be used to do all possible interactions with the API. eg:

HTTP requests¶

Sending HTTP requests via tools like Curl:

$ curl -X POST "http://{host}:{port}/HelloWorldProject/contracts/helloworld/{contract address}/NewGreeting" -H "accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"_greet\":\"Hello Web3j-OpenAPI\"}"

Client application¶

It is also possible to interact using a Java/Kotlin client application. This latter can be done using our client implementation.

Make sure to add the client dependency to your project.

dependencies {
    implementation "org.web3j.openapi:web3j-openapi-client:4.9.7"
}

Then, you will be able to interact with the API as follows:

val service = ClientService("http://localhost:9090")
val helloWorldProject = ClientFactory.create(HelloWorldProjectApi::class.java, service)

println("Deploying the HelloWorld contract...")

val receipt = helloWorldProject.contracts.helloWorld.deploy(HelloWorldDeployParameters("Hello"))

println("Deployed contract address: ${receipt.contractAddress}")

val newGreetingHash = helloWorldProject.contracts
    .helloWorld
    .load(receipt.contractAddress)
    .newGreeting(NewGreetingParameters("Hello Web3j-OpenAPI"))
    .transactionHash

println("NewGreeting method execution transaction hash: $newGreetingHash")

val greeting = helloWorldProject.contracts
    .helloWorld
    .load(receipt.contractAddress)
    .greeting()
    .result

println("Greeting method result: $greeting")

Ways to generate an OpenAPI project¶

First, you need to install the Web3j-CLI on your machine.

It’s easy to do (for Windows instructions head here):

$ curl -L get.web3j.io | sh

Generate a Hello World project¶

A Hello World project is a simple project based on a simple Solidity contract. It is generated using:

$ web3j openapi new

This project can be used as a minimal project to start building your custom application upon.

Generate using custom Solidity smart contracts¶

To generate a project using your desired smart contracts, use the following command:

$ web3j openapi import \
    --solidity-path <path_to_Solidity_contracts> \
    --project-name <project name> \
    --package <package name>

Generate an executable JAR¶

The following command will generate an executable JAR ready to be run:

$ web3j openapi jar \
    --solidity-path <path_to_Solidity_contracts>

Generate the REST API only¶

To generate only the API, ie the defined endpoints with their implementations, use the following:

$ web3j openapi generate \
    --solidity-path <path_to_Solidity_contracts> \
    --with-implementations=true

This command will not generate a whole project structure. Thus, you will not have a runnable application. To have one, check the above sections.

The with-implementations flag is set to true by default. This means that the RESTful endpoints will be generated along their implementations.

If you prefer to generate only the interfaces. Set that flag to false:

--with-implementations=false

Generate using the web3j-openapi-gradle-plugin ¶

It is possible to generate a Web3j-OpenAPI project directly from your gradle project using the web3j-openapi-gradle-plugin. Check the documentation for more information.

Run the project¶

Runtime parameters¶

Before running the server, there are some parameters that need to be set. There are multiple ways of doing so:

Environment variables
Configuration file
Passing the parameters directly to the JAR or the executable.

Also, you can run the project without worrying about any of this using the Web3j-cli

Supported parameters¶

Name	Default value	Description
`name`	`Generation project name`	The project name
`config file`	`~/.web3j/web3j.openapi.<extension>`	A custom configuration file to import extra parameters
`endpoint`	`none`	Ethereum node endpoint to target when interacting with the blockchain
`private key`	`none`	User private key in hex format prefixed by `0x`
`wallet path`	`none`	The path to the wallet file (can be absolute or relative)
`wallet password`	`none`	The password of the specified wallet file in plain text
`host`	`localhost`	The server host (can be an IP address or a hostname)
`port`	`8080`	The server port
`contract addresses`	`none`	Use pre-deployed contract addresses: `contract1=0x123,contract2=0x1234`. All you need to provide to the generator is the ABIs.

The necessary parameters are:

The Ethereum node endpoint to target when interacting with the Ethereum network endpoint
Credentials : which can be either private key, or wallet path and wallet password

The remaining parameters are optional.

Order of precedence¶

The parameters can be specified interchangeably between different sources. ie, you can have some defined in a default configuration file and others in environment variables etc.

However, for duplicated values, we enforce the following order :

CLI arguments
Custom configuration file specified in the CLI
Custom configuration file specified in Environment variables
Default configuration file
Environment variables

Check the following sections for more information.

CLI arguments¶

The CLI arguments can be passed to the command the usual way.

Example¶

Check the Starting the server section below to choose a command.

$ <command> \
    --private-key 0x1234 \
    --name OpenApiProject \
    --endpoint <Ethereum node endpoint> \
    --host localhost \
    --port 9090 \
    --contract-addresses contract1=0x1234,contract2=0x123

Configuration file¶

You can put the parameters in a configuration file. This latter, can be YAML, Json or Java properties type of files.

The configuration file can be :

Put in the default directory : ~/.web3j/web3j.openapi.<extension>
Set in an environment variable: WEB3J_OPENAPI_CONFIG_FILE where the value is the path to the file. eg.

export WEB3J_OPENAPI_CONFIG_FILE=<path_to_the_config_file}

Set as an argument when running the JAR or the executable: --config-file

The supported extensions are :

yaml for a YAML configuration. Example:

contractAddresses: 
  helloworld: "0x1234"
  helloworld2: "0x1234"
credentials: 
  privateKey: "0x1234"
network: 
  endpoint: "<your_node_endpoint_address>"
project: 
  name: "OpenApiProject"
server: 
  host: "localhost"
  port: 9090

json for a Json configuration. Example:

{
  "contractAddresses": {
    "helloworld": "0x1234",
    "helloworld2": "0x1234"
  },
  "credentials": {
    "privateKey": "0x1234"
  },
  "network": {
    "endpoint": "your node endpoint address"
  },
  "project": {
    "name": "OpenApiProject"
  },
  "server": {
    "host": "localhost",
    "port": 9090
  }
}

properties for a Java properties configuration. Example:

contractAddresses=helloworld=0x1234,helloworld2=0x1234
credentials.privateKey=0x1234
network.endpoint=your node endpoint address
project.name=OpenApiProject
server.host=localhost
server.port=9090

Environment variables¶

The easiest way to provide the runtime parameters is through environment variables.

The rule is to:

Replace the - with a _ : private-key => private_key
Upper case the options' names : private-key => PRIVATE_KEY

Example¶

$ export WEB3J_ENDPOINT=<link_to_your_Ethereum_node>
$ export WEB3J_OPENAPI_HOST=localhost
$ export WEB3J_OPENAPI_PORT=9090
$ export WEB3J_OPENAPI_NAME=Web3jOpenAPI
$ export WEB3J_OPENAPI_CONTRACT_ADDRESSES=helloworld=0x1234,helloworld2=0x12345
$ export WEB3J_OEPNAPI_CONFIG_FILE=~/myConfig.yaml

And one of the following:

A raw private key :

$ export WEB3J_PRIVATE_KEY=0x1234

A wallet :

$ export WEB3J_WALLET_PATH=~/myWallet.json
$ export WEB3J_WALLET_PASSWORD=myStrongPassword

Start the server¶

Starting the server can be done in the following ways:

The generated JAR¶

A JAR can be generated using the following command:

$ ./gradlew shadowJar

It will be found under the build/libs directory.

The generated JAR can be run using the following:

$ java -jar build/libs/<project name>-all.jar <parameters>

check the parameters section above for the supported parameters.

The distribution executable¶

A server executable can be generated using the following:

$ ./gradlew installShadowDist <parameters>

Which can be found in build/install/<app name>-shadow/bin/

Using gradle¶

To run the project using gradle. Make sure to have set some environment variables or configuration file as specified above.

Then, run the following :

$ ./gradlew run

The Web3j-OpenAPI client¶

Among the available ways to interact with a Web3j-OpenAPI server, there is the Kotlin client.

It is easy to use.

Start by adding dependency to the client:

dependencies {
    implementation "org.web3j.openapi:web3j-openapi-client:4.9.7"
}

Then, within a client application:

val service = ClientService("http://localhost:9090")
val app = ClientFactory.create(<AppNameApi>::class.java, service)

// Then you have access to all the API resources
val receipt = app.contracts.contractName.deploy()

println("Deployment receipt: ${receipt.contractAddress}")

// ...

Handling events¶

In web3j-OpenAPI, we handle events using Server-Sent Events SSE.

In a nutshell, SSE is a one way mechanism that allows a server to asynchronously push data from the server to the client once the client-server connection is established by the client.

To query events from Kotlin/Java. Add the web3j-openapi-client dependency as done above. Then, use the following code:

val service = ClientService("http://localhost:9090")
val app = ClientFactory.create(AppNameApi::class.java, service)

// Start listening for events
val event = app.contracts.<contract_name>.load(<contract_Address>)
        .events
        .<event_name>
        .onEvent { println("Received event: $it") }

// Trigger an event
app.contracts
    .<contract_name>
    .load(<contract_Address>)
    .<method_triggering_event>(<method_parameters>)

Then run this code. You should be able to see events printing on the screen.

Web3j-OpenAPI¶

Example¶

Getting started with Web3j-OpenAPI¶

Generate a project¶

Configure the project¶

Run the project¶

Interact with the generated project¶

SwaggerUI¶

HTTP requests¶

Client application¶

Ways to generate an OpenAPI project¶

Generate a Hello World project¶

Generate using custom Solidity smart contracts¶

Generate an executable JAR¶

Generate the REST API only¶

Generate using the web3j-openapi-gradle-plugin¶

Run the project¶

Runtime parameters¶

Supported parameters¶

Order of precedence¶

CLI arguments¶

Example¶

Configuration file¶

Environment variables¶

Example¶

Start the server¶

The generated JAR¶

The distribution executable¶

Using gradle¶

The Web3j-OpenAPI client¶

Handling events¶

Generate using the web3j-openapi-gradle-plugin ¶